The Archives document the development of the Maryknoll Fathers and Brothers Society, the Maryknoll Sisters Congregation, and the Maryknoll Lay Missioners, the individual lives of their members and the peoples they serve.

The archival materials in the Maryknoll Mission Archives primarily date from the early twentieth century to the present. These include:

- Mother Mary Joseph Rogers

- Bishop James Anthony Walsh

- Fr. Thomas Frederick Price

- The Field Afar

- Maryknoll Magazines

- Diaries of Maryknoll missioners throughout the world

- Photographs and motion picture films.

Mission Secretariat/USCMC/USCMA – The Maryknoll Mission Archives is the official repository for the records of the United States Catholic Mission Association (USCMA) through a deed of gift to the Catholic Foreign Mission Society of America (Maryknoll Fathers and Brothers – MFBA) dated July 31, 1992. This deed includes records of the predecessor organizations of the USCMA, the Mission Secretariat (MS), 1949-1969, and the United States Catholic Mission Council (USCMC), 1969-1981, and materials of the USCMA that are transferred to the Maryknoll Mission Archives from time to time.

USCCB – The United States Catholic China Bureau (USCCB) was established in 1989 as a joint initiative of the Jesuit and Maryknoll Societies with the support of the National Conference of Catholic Bishops. The Bureau is sponsored by a cross-section of Roman Catholic organizations and individuals in the United States who share its purposes and goals. The US Catholic Mission Association sponsored the conference in 1987 and 1988. Lectures, seminars and workshops for various constituencies in communities, churches and academic institutions are provided upon request. Networking with religious orders, ecumenical organizations, as well as academic and socio-cultural programs is another important aspect of the Bureau’s work. The Bureau serves as the US liaison for the AITECE Teachers Program, collaborates with the Amity Teachers’ Project, and serves as an advisor for the Maryknoll Society’s Seminary Teachers and Formators Project.

RFTCAM – The Maryknoll Mission Archives holds the records of the Religious Task Force on Central American and Mexico. The collection contains the material related to the operations and programs of RFTCAM from 1970-2005. After the closing of the organization in 2006, the collection was donated to the Maryknoll Mission Archives.